Pelvic fractures occur when one or more of the bones that form the pelvis break. These bones include the sacrum (the base of the spine), coccyx, and hip bones. Despite being strong, pelvic bones can break due to severe trauma such as car accidents or falls from great heights. In some cases, even minor injuries can cause fractures in individuals with osteoporosis. Pelvic fractures account for approximately 2-8% of all fractures (1).

Pelvic fractures can be serious injuries. In addition to pain and temporary disability, they may lead to health complications, depending on the severity and location of the fracture. Treatment varies from bed rest to complex surgeries, which may involve fixing the bones with screws or plates (1).


Types of Pelvic Fractures

Pelvic fractures can be classified based on the fracture pattern, including (2):

  • Pelvic crack – A small crack or hairline fracture in the pelvic bone
  • Partial fractures – Fractures that do not extend through the entire bone.
  • Complete fractures – When the bone is completely broken into two or more pieces.
  • Closed fractures – Fractures where the broken bone does not pierce the skin.
  • Open fractures – Fractures where the broken bone penetrates the skin
  • Pelvic fractures are also classified based on pelvic stability after the fracture (2):
  • Stable fracture – A single break in the pelvis, with bone fragments remaining in place. This type is often caused by minor injuries, such as falls or running accidents.
  • Unstable fracture – Multiple breaks in the pelvis, where bone fragments may shift out of place. These fractures usually result from severe trauma, such as car accidents or high falls.

Symptoms of Pelvic Fractures

Symptoms of a pelvic fracture vary depending on the severity and location of the fracture. Common symptoms include (3):

  • Pain in the hip, lower back, or groin, which worsens when walking or moving the legs.
  • Tendency to remain in a specific position to reduce pressure on the injured area and avoid pain.
  • Numbness or tingling in the legs or groin area.
  • Swelling and bruising in the pelvic and thigh area, which may extend to the lower body.
  • Abdominal pain.
  • Difficulty standing, walking, or moving the legs.
  • Pain and discomfort when urinating.


Causes of Pelvic Fractures

Pelvic fractures usually result from three primary causes (1):

  • High-impact trauma, such as a car accident, motorcycle crash, or falling from a great height.
  • Osteoporosis, which weakens bones and makes them prone to fractures. This is especially common among the elderly, where even minor falls can cause pelvic fractures.
  • Avulsion fracture, where a small piece of the pelvic bone detaches due to excessive muscle force, often seen in athletes.


Diagnosis of Pelvic Fractures

If a pelvic fracture is suspected, the doctor will order an X-ray as an initial test. In some cases, a CT scan or MRI may be requested for a more detailed assessment of the fracture’s severity (4).

Treatment for Pelvic Fractures

Generally, stable pelvic fractures do not require surgery. Treatment usually includes (5):

  • Rest – Patients should avoid unnecessary movements to prevent worsening the fracture.
  • Assistive devices – Crutches, walkers, or wheelchairs may be recommended for up to 3 months to reduce pressure on the pelvis.
  • Medications – Pain relievers and blood thinners may be prescribed to reduce the risk of blood clots due to limited mobility.
  • Physical therapy – Some cases require rehabilitation sessions to strengthen pelvic muscles and restore movement gradually.


For severe or unstable fractures, surgical intervention is often necessary. Common pelvic fracture surgeries include (5):

  • External fixation surgery – Metal rods are inserted through the skin to hold the pelvis in place while healing.
  • Internal fixation surgery – The broken bones are aligned and secured with screws or metal plates to promote healing.


Recovery Time for Pelvic Fractures

Most pelvic fractures heal within 8-12 weeks, although severe or unstable fractures may take longer, especially if other injuries are present (2).


Preventing Pelvic Fractures in Older Adults

As we age, bone density decreases, increasing the risk of fractures, including pelvic fractures. While some fractures from sudden accidents are unavoidable, safety measures can significantly reduce the risk, such as wearing seatbelts, being cautious on stairs, and warming up before exercise (5).

Here are additional tips to prevent pelvic fractures as you age (5):

✔ Consume calcium and vitamin D-rich foods to strengthen bones from an early age.

✔ Engage in regular physical activity, focusing on safe exercises, such as walking and swimming.

✔ Take precautions to prevent falls, such as:

  • Using a cane or walker if needed.
  • Holding onto railings when using stairs.
  • Removing or securing loose rugs to prevent slipping.
  • Wearing proper footwear.
  • Quit smoking.
  • Consult your doctor about bone-strengthening supplements or medications, and discuss the need for regular bone density tests.




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