Knee replacement surgery can help relieve pain and stiffness, improve mobility, and allow you to return to your daily activities. Here’s a comprehensive guide on knee replacement surgery (1).
What Is Knee Replacement Surgery?
Knee replacement surgery is a surgical procedure to reshape and repair a damaged knee due to arthritis or other conditions. During the procedure, the surgeon removes damaged cartilage and bone and replaces them with artificial components. This allows for pain relief, improved mobility, and the ability to perform daily activities more easily (1).
Depending on the extent of knee damage, the procedure may involve total or partial knee replacement (1).
Why Is Knee Replacement Surgery Performed?
Knee replacement is most commonly recommended for people suffering from severe osteoarthritis or advanced knee joint damage. It may also be an option for individuals with serious knee injuries that significantly impact mobility and quality of life (1).
How to Prepare for Knee Replacement Surgery?
Consultation with Your Doctor
Your doctor will discuss your medical history and symptoms, perform a physical exam, and may request imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRI scans, to assess the condition of your knee.
Preparing Your Home
Since you will need crutches or a walker after surgery, preparing your home in advance will ensure comfort and safety, including:
- Setting up a sleeping and resting area on the ground floor (avoiding stairs).
- Purchasing a comfortable chair or recliner as per medical recommendations.
- Getting a shower seat and raised toilet seat.
- Installing grab bars in the bathroom or along stairways.
- Removing tripping hazards, such as loose rugs, electrical wires, or clutter.
Hospital Preparation
- You may be required to fast for several hours before surgery.
- Certain medications, such as blood thinners, may need to be temporarily stopped before the procedure.
How Is Knee Replacement Surgery Performed?
The procedure takes 1-2 hours and is performed under general or spinal anesthesia, following these steps (2):
- The surgeon makes an incision in the front of the knee and moves the kneecap aside to access the joint.
- Damaged cartilage and bone are removed, and artificial implants (metal and plastic components) are inserted to restore alignment and function.
- The incision is closed with stitches or staples.
Recovery Phases After Knee Replacement Surgery
Recovery from knee replacement is gradual and can take up to a year for full mobility restoration. However, most people feel significant improvement within six weeks. Follow your doctor's instructions carefully to ensure a smooth recovery (4) (5).
Managing Pain and Swelling
- Pain is most intense during the first few weeks but gradually decreases with pain medications and cold compresses.
- To reduce swelling, keep your knee elevated using pillows, ensuring it is above heart level 4-5 times a day.
Medications
- Blood thinners may be prescribed to prevent clots.
- Antibiotics may be recommended to prevent infections.
Wound Care
- Keep the incision clean and covered.
- Follow your surgeon’s instructions on when to change dressings and when showering is safe.
Physical Therapy
✔ You will work with a physical therapist for a few months to:
- Improve circulation and prevent blood clots.
- Strengthen muscles and restore flexibility.
- Practice safe movements, including bending the knee and walking.
- Physical therapy starts with light exercises, increasing in intensity over time.
- Initially, you will walk using a walker or crutches, gradually transitioning to a cane, and then to independent walking within 6-12 weeks (6).
Occupational Therapy
- This may involve relearning daily activities such as bathing and dressing while adapting to your new knee joint.
- You may receive guidance on using grab bars and navigating your home safely.
Returning to Activities
- You will need to rest at home for a few weeks, depending on your job type.
- Low-impact activities such as walking and swimming can be resumed gradually.
- High-impact activities, such as jogging, contact sports, and jumping, should be avoided.
When Will I Return to Normal After Surgery?
By 6-12 months post-surgery, most individuals regain knee strength, flexibility, and balance and can resume most previous activities. However, high-impact sports should be avoided. Keep in mind that an artificial knee will not function exactly like a natural knee, but it will significantly improve mobility compared to before surgery (6).
What Are the Risks of Knee Replacement Surgery?
As with any surgery, knee replacement carries certain risks, including (3):
- Infection.
- Bleeding.
- Blood clots in the legs or lungs.
- Numbness or nerve damage.
- Loosening or wear of the implant over time, possibly requiring revision surgery.
- Persistent pain or stiffness.
How Long Does an Artificial Knee Last?
On average, a knee replacement can last 15-20 years or more, particularly with strict adherence to medical advice. However, longevity depends on:
- The type of implant used.
- The severity of pre-existing knee damage.
- Age and activity level.
- Overall health and lifestyle (2).
Considering Knee Replacement Surgery?
Book an appointment today at Al-Ahli Hospital Orthopedics And Traumatology Page for a comprehensive evaluation and expert care.
