The cornea is the transparent front part that allows us to see, but it may suffer from some diseases or injuries that cause it to become opaque, which hinders the reflection of light through it, and greatly impairs vision. (1)


If the cornea becomes completely opaque and the person loses his vision, transplanting a new cornea from a deceased donor is the only way to restore vision.

What is the process of a cornea transplant?

A corneal transplant is a surgical procedure in which a diseased cornea is replaced with a healthy cornea from a deceased donor, which helps restore vision, relieve pain, and improve the appearance of the damaged cornea. (1)


The cornea is transplanted either partially or completely, that is, only the front part (corneal epithelium), or the back part (corneal endothelium), or the entire cornea can be replaced if it is completely damaged. (1)


On the sideline: Corneal diseases and problems are The fifth causing reason of Blindness around the world, but thanks to the repeated successes of corneal transplantation since the first corneal transplant in 1905, and its continuous development over the years, many have been able to successfully restore their sight!


What are the reasons for performing a cornea transplant?

Cornea transplant is performed for cases in which part or all of the cornea is damaged, and other simpler methods (such as glasses, lenses, or medications) do not help in treating it, and under certain conditions determined by the doctor according to the case. (2)


Common problems treated by a corneal transplant include: (2)


  • Advanced stages of keratoconus.
  • Some genetic diseases, such as Fuchs dystrophy.
  • Scars resulting from direct injuries to the cornea (such as cuts or exposure to chemical fumes) or severe infections.
  • Severe swelling of the cornea.
  • Previous eye procedures or surgeries that resulted in corneal damage.





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What are the procedures for a cornea transplant?

The operation takes about two hours (sometimes more or less depending on the case), and the steps to perform it in detail include the following: (1) (3)


Before the operation:

  • The specialized doctor conducts a detailed discussion with the patient about the corneal transplant, including the reasons for performing the procedure, how it can improve vision, and what to expect during and after the procedure.
  • Once the procedure is approved, the patient's name is placed on a list until a suitable donor cornea becomes available.
  • Conduct comprehensive medical examinations and eye tests; to ensure that the patient is qualified for the operation.
  • Treating any infection or eye problems that may affect the results of the operation.
  • Tell the doctor about all medications used, to see if they can be continued before the operation, or should be stopped for a period, especially blood thinners.


Operation day:

  • The operation is performed under general or local anesthesia.
  • Anesthetic drops are placed in the eye, and a device is used to keep it open throughout the procedure.
  • The surgeon chooses the appropriate method for transplanting the donor cornea according to the case, either a partial or total transplant depending on the extent of the damage.
  • Sometimes, the ophthalmologist may fix other eye diseases during the procedure.


After the operation:

  • A cover and bandage are placed over the eye to protect it. Until completely healed.
  • The patient is monitored after surgery to ensure that his condition is stable and that he can return home safely.
  • Your surgeon explains how to care for your eyes at home after surgery.


After corneal transplant:

  • You must see a doctor according to the scheduled appointments. To examine the eye after the operation, remove the stitches if any, and evaluate the results as they go.
  • Use eye drops, medications, and analgesics prescribed by the doctor.
  • Wear glasses or eye protection for protection after the procedure.
  • Avoid putting pressure on or rubbing the eye.
  • Depending on the type of transplant, some may have to lie on their back for a period of time after surgery, to stabilize the new cornea in place.

When does vision improve after corneal transplantation?

The speed of results varies from one person to another after a corneal transplant, as vision undergoes many changes over the course of several months. Vision may be bad at first, then gradually improve over time, or it may be good immediately after surgery, then undergo subsequent changes. (4)


In general, the process of complete recovery and complete stabilization of vision takes up to one year after the operation. During this period, it is important to monitor changes in vision, and follow your doctor's instructions carefully to ensure the best results. (4)


What are the risks of a corneal transplant?

The procedure is generally safe, but problems can occur, such as: (3)


  • The body rejects the transplanted cornea.
  • Instability of the well-transplanted cornea.
  • Infection of the transplanted cornea.
  • Increased intraocular pressure (glaucoma).
  • Bleeding.
  • Recurrence of the underlying condition.


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