What is breast reduction surgery?

Breast reduction surgery involves removing excess breast tissue, fat, and sagging skin to reduce the size and weight of the breasts. This procedure not only helps alleviate physical discomfort but also improves the appearance and symmetry of the breasts.  (1)


After surgery, many women report: (1)

  • Relief from back, neck, and shoulder pain
  • Comfort while wearing bras
  • Increased self-confidence
  • Easier movement and exercise
  • Improved breast shape and aesthetics


Why is breast reduction surgery performed?

Breast reduction may be recommended for medical or cosmetic reasons, including: (1)

  • Chronic pain in the back, neck, or shoulders
  • Skin irritation or rashes under the breasts
  • Deep grooves in the shoulders from bra straps
  • Limited physical activity due to heavy breasts
  • Difficulty finding properly fitting bras or tops
  • Low self-esteem related to breast size





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Important Considerations Before Surgery

  • Timing: It’s best to undergo breast reduction after weight stabilization and after finishing childbearing and breastfeeding to help ensure long-lasting results. (2)


  • Scarring: The shape and location of scars vary depending on the case. The most common incision pattern involves a circular scar around the nipple, a vertical line down to the breast crease, and a horizontal scar along the fold—forming an inverted "T" or “anchor” shape. Over time, scars typically fade and blend into the skin. (1)


  • Nipple Sensation: Sensitivity in the nipple may be temporarily affected, but usually improves over time. (2)


  • Breastfeeding Ability: Some women may experience difficulty breastfeeding after surgery, although about 62% are still able to nurse. This depends on the surgical technique and the amount of tissue removed. (3)


Breast Reduction Surgery: When and Why You Might Need It

Possible Complications

While breast reduction is generally safe, some rare risks may include: (4)

  • Asymmetry between the breasts or nipples
  • Lumps due to restricted blood flow
  • Nerve damage resulting in partial or full loss of nipple sensation
  • Raised or thick scars
  • Bleeding within the breast tissue (usually within the first 24 hours)
  • General surgical risks: such as heavy bleeding, infection, blood clots, or severe allergic reactions to anesthesia


Preparing for Surgery

  • Your surgeon may request medical tests, such as blood work or a mammogram.
  • Fasting is required the night before surgery.
  • You may need to stop taking blood thinners or certain medications before the procedure.
  • Stop smoking for several weeks before and after surgery, as smoking delays wound healing. (5)


How the Procedure is Done

The operation takes around 2–4 hours or longer, depending on breast size and the amount of tissue to be removed. It is performed under general anesthesia and typically includes the following steps: (5)

  • The surgeon makes a circular incision around the areola and vertically down to the crease. In some cases, a horizontal incision along the fold is added to form an inverted “T.”
  • Excess skin, fat, and breast tissue are removed.
  • The breast is reshaped and lifted to achieve a more balanced appearance.
  • The incision is closed and covered with medical dressings.


Recovery After Surgery

  • Your breasts will be wrapped in bandages and supported with a special surgical bra.
  • A small drainage tube may be placed to remove excess fluid or blood and is usually removed within 1–2 days.
  • Mild to moderate pain may last for a few days and can be managed with pain relievers.
  • Swelling is expected and may continue for up to 3 months.
  • Dissolvable stitches are often used, so no removal is necessary.
  • You may be required to wear a supportive sports bra continuously (except during showers) for up to 3 months—follow your surgeon’s advice.
  • Avoid strenuous activities or heavy lifting for 3–6 weeks. (4)(5)


Complete recovery takes approximately 2–6 weeks.


References