An estimated 1.24 million people develop blood cancer annually worldwide, representing approximately 6% of all cancer cases. Blood cancer is a type of cancer that affects blood cells. The most common types include leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. What are the symptoms of leukemia? (6)


Symptoms of blood cancer

The symptoms of blood cancer can vary from person to person and may not be apparent until the disease progresses. Sometimes, the symptoms may be mistaken for a severe cold or flu. The symptoms also vary depending on the type of blood cancer, of which there are over 100 types. (7) Generally, common and shared symptoms of blood cancer include: (1)(2)


1- Signs associated with anemia

  • Shortness of breath.
  • Chest pain.
  • Dizziness.
  • Pale skin.
  • Fatigue that does not improve with rest or sleep.


2- Blood-Related and Clotting Signs:

  • Unexplained, easy-to-appear bruising or bleeding.
  • Frequent nosebleeds and bleeding gums.
  • Small red spots on the skin (petechiae).
  • Bloody stool.
  • Heavy menstrual cycles. (3)(4)


3- Other signs

  • Lumps or swelling in the neck or armpit.
  • Lose weight without trying.
  • Severe night sweats.
  • Persistent, recurrent or severe infections.
  • Unexplained fever (38°C or higher).
  • A rash or itchy skin without a known cause.
  • Pain in the bones, joints or abdomen.
  • Loss of appetite or nausea.
  • Enlargement of the liver or spleen. (2)(3)


See your doctor

These symptoms can also result from other medical conditions. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to see a doctor for a diagnosis, especially since many early cancer symptoms are vague and can only be distinguished through specialized evaluation and tests. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving the chances of successful treatment. (5)





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Symptoms vary according to skin color

Some symptoms of blood cancer may look different depending on skin color. (1)


Bruises

Bruises generally start as red spots that change color and become darker over time. They are more noticeable in individuals with light skin but may be harder to see initially in those with dark skin. As bruises develop, they typically appear darker than the surrounding skin.



Skin rash

Rashes often present as clusters of small spots (petechiae) or larger patches (purpura) that do not disappear when pressed. In individuals with dark skin, they may appear purple or darker than the surrounding skin, while in those with light skin, they usually look red or purple.


Pale skin

Paleness is usually more noticeable in individuals with light skin. For those with dark skin, the skin may appear grayish. Paleness can also be observed in the palms of the hands, lips, gums, tongue, or nails.


Can blood cancer be treated?

A diagnosis of blood cancer does not necessarily mean it is the end. Some types of blood cancer can be cured, especially with advancements in medical science, availability of modern treatments, and improved infection control measures. The earlier blood cancer is diagnosed, the higher the chances of recovery. However, in some cases, the cancer may not be curable. In such situations, treatments can be used to manage the disease and improve quality of life.


References